Nucleons are composed of up quarks and down quarks, and the weak force allows a quark to change its flavour by emission of a W boson leading to creation of an electron/antineutrino or positron/neutrino pair. For either electron or positron emission to be energetically possible, the energy release ( see below) or Q value must be positive.īeta decay is a consequence of the weak force, which is characterized by relatively lengthy decay times. The binding energies of all existing nuclides form what is called the nuclear band or valley of stability. The probability of a nuclide decaying due to beta and other forms of decay is determined by its nuclear binding energy. By this process, unstable atoms obtain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons. Neither the beta particle nor its associated (anti-)neutrino exist within the nucleus prior to beta decay, but are created in the decay process. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the emission of an electron accompanied by an antineutrino or, conversely a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron with a neutrino in so-called positron emission. Proton-antineutrino collision: p + ν̄ e → n + e +Įlectrons and protons are of course attracted by the electromagnetic interaction between them, but if they collide the weak interaction can make this interaction happen.In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron), transforming into an isobar of that nuclide. Neutron-neutrino collision: n + ν e → p + e – There’s a very low probability of a neutrino interacting with matter, but here’s what happens when they do: You get an antineutrino in β – decay and a neutrino in β + decay so that lepton number is conserved. RULES FOR DRAWING FEYNMAN DIAGRAMSġ) Incoming particles start at the bottom of the diagram and move upwards.Ģ) The Baryons stay on one side of the diagram, and the leptons stay on the other side.ģ) The W bosons carry charge from one side of the diagram to the other – make sure charges balance.Ĥ) A W – particle going to the left has the same effect as a W + particle going to the right. You can draw Feynman diagrams for loads of interactions but you only need to learn the ones in this post for your exam. He worked out a really neat way of solving problems by drawing pictures rather than doing calculations.ġ) Gauge bosons are represented by wiggly lines (technical term).Ģ) Other particles are represented by straight lines. Richard Feynman was a brilliant physicist who was famous for explaining complicated ideas in a fun way that actually made sense. Creating a virtual W particle uses so much energy that it can only exist for a very short time and it can’t travel far.Ģ) On the other hand, the photon has zero mass, which gives you a force with infinite range.įeynman Diagrams Show What’s Going In and What’s Coming Out The Larger the Mass of the Gauge Boson, the Shorter the Range of the Forceġ) The W bosons have a mass of about 100 times that of a proton, which gives the weak force a very short range. The graviton may exist but there’s no evidence for it. Gravity only really matters when you’ve got big masses like stars and planets. Particle physicists never bother about gravity because it’s so incredibly feeble compared to other types of interaction. Each one has its own gauge boson and you have to learn their names: Type of Interaction Gauge bosons are virtual particles – they only exist for a very short time.Īll forces in nature are caused by four fundamental forces. The repusion between two protons is caused by the exchange of virtual photons, which are the gauge bosons of the electromagnetic force. These exchange particles are called gauge bosons. Particle exchange also explains attraction, but you need a bit more imagination.Ģ) Attraction – Each time the boomerang is thrown or caught the people get pushed together. It happens because the ball carries momentum. That’s the idea behind exchange particles.ġ) Repulsion – Each time the ball is thrown or caught the people get pushed apart. So, when two particles interact, something must happen to let one particle know that the other one’s there. You can’t have instant action at a distance (according to Einstein, anyway). To the casual observer, this might not seem entirely fair. Having learnt about hadrons (baryons and mesons) and leptons, antiparticles and quarks, you now have the esteemed privilege of learning about yet another weirdy thing called the gauge boson.
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![]() It has a non‑blocking, event‑driven architecture that copes with huge amounts of requests without a noticeable increase in resource utilization. NGINX is designed to be a “shock absorber” for your site or application. Inherent Protection of the NGINX Event‑Driven Architecture These features address a DDoS attack both by regulating the incoming traffic and by controlling the traffic as it is proxied to backend servers. NGINX and NGINX Plus have a number of features that – in conjunction with the characteristics of a DDoS attack mentioned above – can make them a valuable part of a DDoS attack mitigation solution. Using NGINX and NGINX Plus to Fight DDoS Attacks ![]() The Referer header is sometimes set to a value you can associate with the attack.The User-Agent header is sometimes set to a non‑standard value.Because the traffic is generated by bots and is meant to overwhelm the server, the rate of traffic is much higher than a human user can generate. ![]() However, the number of connections and requests from a forward proxy is typically much lower than in a DDoS attack. The use of forward proxies can also create this pattern, because the forward proxy server’s IP address is used as the client address for requests from all the real clients it serves. Note: It’s important not to assume that this traffic pattern always represents a DDoS attack. As a result, each IP address is responsible for many more connections and requests than you would expect from a real user. The traffic normally originates from a fixed set of IP addresses, belonging to the machines used to carry out the attack. Because these attacks are carried out by bots rather than actual users, the attacker can easily open large numbers of connections and send large numbers of requests very rapidly.Ĭharacteristics of DDoS attacks that can be used to help mitigate against them include the following (this is not meant to be an exhaustive list): Other attacks can take the form of sending a large number of requests or very large requests. For example, for systems that don’t handle large numbers of concurrent connections well, merely opening a large number of connections and keeping them active by periodically sending a small amount of traffic can exhaust the system’s capacity for new connections. Application‑Layer DDoS Attack CharacteristicsĪpplication‑layer (Layer 7/HTTP) DDoS attacks are carried out by software programs ( bots) that can be tailored to best exploit the vulnerabilities of specific systems. Typically, the attacker tries to saturate a system with so many connections and requests that it is no longer able to accept new traffic, or becomes so slow that it is effectively unusable. Of course, in case you would be logging all resources of your site (images, css, js, etc), it would be really easy to get to those numbers as a normal user.A Distributed Denial‑of‑Service (DDoS) attack is an attempt to make a service, usually a website, unavailable by bombarding it with so much traffic from multiple machines that the server providing the service is no longer able to function correctly because of resource exhaustion. ![]() # 240 pages in 60 seconds, or 4p/s average, is suspicious) # Based on apache-badbots but a simple IP check (any IP requesting more than In our jail.local, we have (at the end of the file): If this regex matches, the line is ignored. # Notes.: Regexp to catch a generic call from an IP address. # Generated on Fri Jun 08 12:09: by BeezNest New filter in /etc/fail2ban/nf: # Fail2Ban configuration file ![]()
![]() Ammonia also results in increase in pH of saliva. ![]() Salivary gland secretion also consists of urea which further breaks into ammonia. The CO 2 tension within salivary duct is higher than surrounding atmosphere as a result, when saliva comes out of ducts, CO 2 gets dissociate from saliva making pH of saliva alkaline. Various concepts were proposed to understand the formation of calculus. Moreover, prolonged nonfunctional teeth (usually during mastication) tend to accumulate more calculus. The site of calculus mainly depends on the location of the opening of salivary duct and composition of saliva from glands. This, in turns, causes mineralization of plaque retained over calculus. Ortopantomograph was also done.ĭental calculus is a plaque retentive factor and deposition of calculus for a long period, which alters the anatomy of crown, making it difficult to perform plaque control measure. Routine hematological investigations were performed which is in normal range. Both the masses of calculi had approximately same dimensions of 4 cm × 3 cm. Calculus of approximately the same size was present at 47 with mucogingival junction, alveolingual sulcus, and retromolar pad as its buccal, lingual, and distal extensions, respectively. Huge calculus mass extending from 14 to 17 was seen, which had extended up to the mucogingival junction buccally, below the marginal gingiva palatally, and hamular notch distally. Based on clinical examination, these hard masses were diagnosed as calculi. Two yellowish-brown color, hard, nontender masses were present: one at maxillary and one at mandibular posterior teeth region. Teeth with Grade III mobility include 47 and Grade II mobility include 14 and 15. On intraoral examination, partially edentulous maxillary and mandibular arch with a total of 15 teeth were present including 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 37, and 47. ![]() There was no contributory past medical history.Įxtraoral examination showed a loss of bilateral symmetry with swelling at the lower right side of the face. She used to take toothpowder on her index finger and rub the index finger in horizontal direction on teeth. She used to clean her teeth with toothpowder. She has a habit of tobacco chewing for 30 years. She also had a complaint of loosening of her remaining teeth for 3–4 years. Bleeding from gums and bad breath was also reported by her for 6 years. Oral hygiene habits, dental professional visits, diet, prescribed medication, genetic variation in salivary content, age, gender, and masticatory habits contribute to extent and location of calculus formation.Ī 55-year-old female visited the department of periodontology with a chief complaint of heavy mass at the right maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth region for 10 years. ![]() Recent technology for the detection of calculus includes miniature endoscopic system, ultrasound technology, and laser technology. The smooth and clean root surface is often considered as the endpoint of scaling and root planing. Visible and tactile sense of operator serves as a primary and important means of detection for calculus. Furthermore, increased salivary phosphates and oxalates are found to be associated with increased dental calculus formation. Alkaline saliva and high urea concentration are associated with increased dental calculus formation. The composition of saliva also determines the calculus formation in different individuals. Subgingival calculus consists of around 58% of minerals, whitlockite being primary mineral. Supragingival calculus contains an average of 37% of mineral, with octacalcium phosphate forms outer layer and hydroxiapetite forms inner layer. Calcified biofilms usually consist of brushite, octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and whitlockite. Empty space of dental calculus consists of nonmineralized bacteria surrounded by calcified matrix. Usually, morphological analysis of calculus shows spongy appearance of calcified masses with empty spaces and tubular holes. The formation of calculus occurs when fluid phase of plaque becomes supersaturated with calculus components. Mineralization of dental plaque leads to the formation of dental calculus. Dental calculus serves as loci for retention of plaque and is only a secondary phenomenon for infectious periodontal disease and not the primary etiological factor. Untreated gingivitis eventually leads to attachment loss causing periodontitis. Pathogenic microorganisms present in dental plaque release toxins and produce enzymatic effect, thereby inducing gingivitis. Dental calculus was considered as the primary etiological factors from the period of Sumerians about 5000 years ago. Vengeful Railguns – your clan retaliates for other clansįans of Clash of Clans? These names are for you.Tattoo of a grim reaper holding a scythe, vintage engraving.Spurious Teleporters – this clan is deceptive travelers.Malevolent Repeaters – These are wicked delinquents.Gruesome Warhammers – you are relentless warriors.The Tedious Lookouts – you are annoying guardians. ![]()
![]() ![]() He won the Golden Ball as FIFA’s best player of the tournament. – WINNER: Lionel Messi, Argentina – 2022 World Cup Final – scored two goals and scored in the penalty shootout to win Man of the Match. –Nikola Jokić, Denver Nuggets – 2023 NBA Finals MVP. –Leon Edwards, UFC – defeats Kamaru Usman by fifth-round KO to win UFC welterweight title, handing Usman his first UFC loss. –Max Verstappen wins the Mexican Grand Prix, breaking the record for most wins in a season. –Mikaela Shiffrin breaks the record for the most World Cup victories with her 87th win. – WINNER: LeBron James surpasses Kareem Abdul-Jabbar for NBA career scoring record. –Novak Djokovic wins his 23rd Grand Slam title, breaking a tie with Rafael Nadal for the most major singles trophies in the history of men’s tennis. WINNER: Angel Reese, LSU Women’s Basketball WINNER: Patrick Mahomes, Kansas City Chiefs Here’s the full list of winners, including special awards and sports humanitarian awards. The other 14 competitive awards didn’t rate so much as a mention (but we have them here for you). And only eight competitive awards were announced on the show. Even with a generous three-hour time slot, it ran over by about 10 minutes. The show, which was co-produced by ESPN and Full Day Productions, was a lot like a music awards show in a couple of respects. Argentina soccer superstar Lionel Messi also won two awards – best championship performance and best soccer player.ĮSPN sports analyst Pat McAfee gave an opening monologue, though there was no formal host, due to the ongoing Writers Guild of America strike. Patrick Mahomes of the Kansas City Chiefs won two awards – best athlete, men’s sports and best NFL player. But Clark also won an award this year – best college athlete, women’s sports. Reese competed in the category with Iowa basketball star Caitlin Clark, her NCAA finals foe. This is the first time in the history of the ESPYS that women have won back-to-back awards in this category. This is the second year in a row that a woman has won in the gender-neutral best breakthrough athlete category. Reese recently made a cameo in Latto’s “Put It On Da Floor Again” music video, in which featured act Cardi B raps, “I been ballin’ so damn hard could’ve went to LSU.” Angel Reese, who won best breakthrough athlete for leading the Louisiana State University women’s basketball team to the college title this past spring, has become a pop-culture star. Non-union refers to the inability of the bone to “unify” and close back together after a fracture, as viewed on a plain radiograph (x-ray). With the Jones fracture, there is a high risk of non-union due to the location of the fracture and poor blood flow, as previously mentioned. The Great Treatment Debate: Surgery or No Surgery?ĭo you need surgery to repair a Jones fracture? It depends on many factors, such as age, athletic ability and activity level, and severity of the fracture itself. Is your foot injury actually an ankle fracture? Read this article by us to find out what to do! READ: What to do after an ankle fracture More serious symptoms, such as fever, purple discoloration in the foot and ankle, and severe, unrelenting pain should be reported immediately to a medical doctor. A change in gait pattern by placing more weight on the inside of the foot due to pain on the outside of the foot.Numbness and/or tingling in the foot or toes.Difficulty with walking and performing daily activities.Common signs and symptoms of a Jones fracture include: If there is no acute injury and you are experiencing pain at the base of the 5th digit, the answer may not be as straightforward. Therefore, healing can be slow, and in addition, treatment strategies may or may not include a surgical option for this region. This is particularly problematic for healing because this area receives less blood flow than other areas of the foot. The area where a Jones fracture occurs is in between the base and the shaft of the 5th metatarsal. This program will bulletproof this region for anything life throws at you! Learn more HERE! This 3-phase program will expose you to various foot & ankle strengthening and stabilization exercises supported by science. The Foot & Ankle Rehab Program is a physical therapist developed, step-by-step program that teaches you how to optimize your foot & ankle health. ![]() Have You Recently Suffered A Jones Fracture? Rehab It The Right Way! It is not the ONLY type of fracture – other types such as avulsion and spiral fractures can occur, although not as commonly. Of note, a Jones fracture is one of the most common, yet most severe fractures that can occur in this area of the foot. It can also be caused by a traumatic event, such as dropping an object directly onto the fifth digit (ouch! Hurts just thinking about it!). It is usually clearly demonstrated on a standard x-ray (see photo below), and is usually the result of repetitive motion strain. What is a Jones fracture and what causes it?Īs stated above, a Jones fracture is a break of the 5th digit of the foot. Either way, it is treatable and does not have to interfere with the things you love to do every day! In this article, we will discuss the Jones fracture, its causes and symptoms, treatment and management, and some rehabilitative jones fracture exercises to get you back on your feet stronger than ever! It can also be caused by acute trauma, such as dropping an object on your foot. Got a nagging pain on the outside of your foot or pinky toe that just won’t go away? Are you an athlete that does repetitive jumping or running activities? You may have a Jones fracture! A Jones fracture is a break in the shaft of the bone of the 5th metatarsal (pinky toe) and most often results from repetitive strain. ![]() We’ve also included a voucher for Image Line’s powerful Deckadance 2 LE software, so you. With two decks, you can connect your computer and MP3 player and take advantage of your digital library to really rock the house. The mighty STUDIO 2A has all your bases covered. ![]() Built-in audio interface and rock-solid Image Line Deckadance 2 LE software. We’ve also included a voucher for Image Line’s powerful Deckadance. With four decks, you can connect your computer and mp3 player and take advantage of your digital library to really rock the house. The mighty STUDIO 4A has all your bases covered. Audio interface and rock-solid Image Line Deckadance 2 LE software. Using warez version, crack, warez passwords, patches, serial numbers, registration codes, key generator, pirate key, keymaker or keygen for Deckadance 2.72 license key is illegal and prevent future development of Deckadance 2.72. Top 4 Download periodically updates software information of Deckadance 2.72 full version from the publisher, but some information may be slightly out-of-date. Another feature that helps Deckadance to stand out from the DJing software crowd is its ability to host VST instruments and effects - you also get some rather excellent built-in effects. The first of these is a sample player: this enables you to place samples and loops into eight sample slots, or even to record them from the playback of Deckadance. The company's products include DJ Equipment, DJ Gear, SCS 4DJ, Digital DJ Controller, SC Systems, DJ Packages, Media CD Players, Mixers, Turntables, Cartridges, Headphones, DJ Accessories. ![]() Stanton and are industry leaders in the design and manufacture of professional audio products for club and mobile DJs and turntablists. Virtual Dj Pioneer Cdj 2000 Software Free Download Rock-solid Image-line Deckadance Le Software How To Change My Scratch Picture With A Live OneĬrumplepop Echo Remover Free Download Garageband Where To Place Auz File In Mac For Ableton Isotonik Studios Ableton Pack Full Free Download You can control Deckadance with the mouse, keyboard, midi controller, vinyl board or CD system. Where Do I Save My Downloaded Packs Ableton Latest version 2.72 Older versions Advertisement Deckadance is a very good application to mix music as a professional DJ that can run as standalone or as VSTi plugin. I Downloaded Ableton Standard Download Packs Buy Ableton Live 10 Download Or Hard Disk We want to format cells that are greater than $50, so we're going to enter that into the box. We chose Greater Than from the side menu that appears when you click Highlight Cell Rules. We want to cells to be highlighted when a value is greater than $50. Now, we go to Conditional Formatting on the Ribbon and choose Highlight Cell Rules. Let's apply conditional formatting to our spreadsheet.įirst, we select the cells. ![]() Manage Rules opens a dialog box where you can edit and delete rules. ![]() You can apply these icons to a cell selection to indicate values relative to each other by clicking the color scale thumbnail.Ĭlear Rules allows you to remove conditional formatting rules for the cell selection. Icon Sets will open a palette with icons. You can apply these to a cell selection to indicate their values relative to each other.Ĭolor Scales opens a palette with different color scales that you can apply to a cell selection to indicate their values relative to each other. Top/Bottom Rules gives you options for defining rules that highlight the top and bottom values, percentages, and above- and below-average values in a cell selection.ĭata Bars opens a palette with different colors of data bars. Highlight Cells Rules allows you to define rules that highlight the cells in the cell selection when certain values, such as text or dates, have greater or lesser than a value that you specify, or fall within a range of values. Let's learn what each of the options does for you: To apply conditional formatting, go to the Styles group under the Home tab. Did you know that you Excel can notify you each time this happens? You can program MS Excel 2013 to give you a "red flag" every time a certain situation exists. ![]() Your boss has told you to let him know if anyone exceeds more than eight hours in any given day. Let's say you're entering an employee's work hours into a spreadsheet. Last Column puts row headings in the last column of the table in boldface.īanded Columns applies shading to every other column.Ĭonditional formatting is a neat little feature of MS Excel 2013, because it helps you do your job better. Total Row goes at the bottom of the table for totals.īanded Rows means shading will be applied to every other row.įirst Colu mn puts row headings in the first column in boldface. Ours already has filter buttons (the down arrow). Header Row adds formatting and filter buttons to each of the headings in the first row. In the Design tab is a Table Styles Options group that allows you customize even further. In addition to adding formatting from the gallery, the Design tab opens in the Ribbon. If your table has headers or labels, make sure the box is checked. This contains the cells referenced for the formatting. When you click on a style you want, you'll see this dialog box: Now we're going to go to the Format As Table button and look at the gallery. We're going to put our mouse cursor in a cell by clicking on the cell. Your cell cursor just has to be within the table of data right before you click the Format As Table button that's located in the Styles group under the Home tab (pictured below). Think of it as a shortcut to formatting cells. The Format As Table Gallery is a way to format your cells without having to select the cells first. To change the size, select the cells, then click the downward arrow beside the current size: Once you select the font, the selected data will be changed to the new font. ![]() In our example, and on our toolbar, it's Calibri.Ĭlick on the downward arrow beside the font type and select a new font. It appears in a box with a downward arrow beside it on the left side of the toolbar. Go to the Font group, and you'll see the type of font that you're currently using. Next, select the data in the worksheet for which you want to change the font. To change the font type and size, go to Font group under the Home tab. You can clearly see how just changing the font type and size can alter the look of a worksheet. However, we can change that to another font and another size. In the snapshot below, we've used Arial, size 10 font. You can also decide the size of the font. When you create a worksheet, you can decide what type of font you want to use. Times New Roman, Courier, and Arial are three of the most popular fonts, but there are literally hundreds. Font is defined as the style of your type. ![]() Also, explore tools to convert newton meter or inch-pound to other energy units or learn more about energy conversions. The newton meter Nm to inch-pound inlbf conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. Results 100 pound-force foot (lbfft) 136 Newton meter (Nm). Instant free online tool for newton meter to inch-pound conversion or vice versa. = 10.197162129779 kilogram force centimeters (kgf cm) 45 Nm To Ft LbsTo convert newton-meters to foot-pounds, multiply the newton-meter value by 0. = 0.10197162129779 kilogram force meters (kgf m) Instant free online tool for newton meter to foot-pound conversion or vice versa. In relation to the base unit of => (newton meters), 1 Newton Meters (Nm) is equal to 1 newton-meters, while 1 Pound Foot (lb ft) = 1.35581795 newton-meters. How to convert Newton Meters to Pound Foot (Nm to lb ft)?ġ x 0.73756214836955 lb ft = 0.73756214836955 Pound Foot.Īlways check the results rounding errors may occur. There are exceptions however, such as water's density increasing between 0☌ and 4☌.īelow is a table of units in which density is commonly expressed, as well as the densities of some common materials.The base unit for torque is newton meters (SI Unit) 5 Nm Amazon Basics 1/4-Inch Drive Click Torque Wrench - 20-150 inch-lb, 2. Increases in temperature tend to decrease density since the volume will generally increase. Im not sure about its quality (other users here seem happy) but 5 ft-lb. An increase in pressure decreases volume, and always increases density. However, when regarding gases, density is largely affected by temperature and pressure. NEWTON METER TO FOOT POUND (Nm TO ft lb) CHART 1 newton meter in foot pound 0.73756218 Nm 10 newton meter in foot pound 7.37562176 Nm 50 newton meter in foot pound 36. In the case of solids and liquids, the change in density is typically low. 70 nm to ft lbs to convert 70 newton meters to foot pounds. First divide 1 / 1.3558179 0.73756218 Then multiply the amount of Newton Meter you want to convert to Foot Pound, use the chart below to guide you. Note that density is also affected by pressure and temperature. 7376 How to use this Torque Conversion Calculator Input the torque measurement, in Newton-Meters, and the calculator will convert it to ft-lbs and in-lbs. The result is the quantity in the newton meters. So, to convert from foot-pound force to newton meters. The conversion is straightforward, and all you have to remember is that: 1 ft·lbf 1.3558 N·m. 1 joule is equal to 1 newton meters, or 0.73756214927727 foot pounds. 2.4 foot-pounds (ft·lbs) equals 3.254 newton meters (N·m). You can view more details on each measurement unit: newton meters or foot pounds The SI derived unit for energy is the joule. It is useful to carefully write out whatever values are being worked with, including units, and perform dimensional analysis to ensure that the final result has units of mass To convert Newton Meters to in/lbs and ft/lbs, use the equations: Inch Pounds (in/lbs) Nm x 8.85 Foot Pounds (ft/lbs) Nm x. We assume you are converting between newton-meter and foot-pound force. There are many different ways to express density, and not using or converting into the proper units will result in an incorrect value. However, it is important to pay special attention to the units used for density calculations. The calculation of density is quite straightforward. 70 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 51.63 LB FT (Foot Pounds) Use Quick NM to LB FT Conversion NM to LB FT Conversion Table 1 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 0.737562149 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 2 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 1.475124298 LB FT (Foot Pounds) 3 NM (Newton Meters) is equal to 2. 1 newton-meter to foot pounds 0.73756 foot pounds 5 newton-meter to foot pounds 3.68781 foot pounds 10 newton-meter to foot pounds 7.37562 foot pounds 20 newton-meter to foot pounds 14.75124 foot pounds 30 newton-meter to foot pounds 22.12686 foot pounds 40 newton-meter to foot pounds 29. |
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